Instability I = Fan-out / (Fan-in + Fan-out)
I == 0: stableI == 1: unstable
Fan-in
Fan-out
Instability I
Component 1
Component 2
Component 3
Component 4
Abstractness A = Na / NcNa == Abstract classes and interfacesNc == Sum of classes and interfaces
A == 0: concreteA == 1: abstract